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سؤال 1
What is a REST API?
REST APIs use HTTP methods to exchange resources. Databases, cables, and firewall rules are not APIs.
سؤال 2
What is JSON?
JSON is a text-based data format used in APIs. It is not a programming language, routing protocol, or device.
سؤال 3
What is YAML?
YAML is used for configuration and automation files. It is not a database engine, switch model, or DNS record.
سؤال 4
What is version control?
Version control tracks changes, branches, and history. Firewalls, load balancers, and tapes are different.
سؤال 5
What is Git?
Git is a distributed version control system. Web servers, protocols, and databases are different.
سؤال 6
What is a repository in version control?
A repository stores code, branches, and commit history. Routers, firewalls, and subnets are network objects.
سؤال 7
What is a branch in Git?
Branches let developers work independently. Network segments, volumes, and DNS zones are different.
سؤال 8
What is a merge in Git?
Merging integrates branch changes. Deleting repos, creating VLANs, and encrypting are different.
سؤال 9
What is a commit in Git?
Commits capture changes in history. Packets, firewall rules, and DNS queries are unrelated.
سؤال 10
Match each software concept to its purpose.
REST APIs use HTTP, JSON exchanges data, Git controls versions, and repositories store code.
سؤال 11
What does an HTTP GET request do?
GET retrieves resources without side effects. POST creates, DELETE removes, and PUT updates.
سؤال 12
What does an HTTP POST request do?
POST creates resources on a server. GET retrieves, DELETE removes, and PUT updates.
سؤال 13
What does an HTTP PUT request do?
PUT updates or replaces a resource. GET retrieves, DELETE removes, and logs record events.
سؤال 14
What does an HTTP DELETE request do?
DELETE removes a resource. POST creates, GET reads, and PUT updates.
سؤال 15
What does HTTP status code 200 mean?
200 means the request succeeded. 404 is not found, 500 is server error, and 401 is unauthorized.
سؤال 16
What does HTTP status code 404 mean?
404 means the requested resource was not found. 200 is OK, 201 is created, and 3xx redirects.
سؤال 17
What is an API key?
API keys identify clients making requests. Indexes, addresses, and firewall rules are different.
سؤال 18
What is OAuth 2.0?
OAuth 2.0 allows delegated authorization. Routing protocols, formats, and switch models are different.
سؤال 19
What is a webhook?
Webhooks push event notifications over HTTP. DNS records, cables, and backups are unrelated.
سؤال 20
Match each API concept to its purpose.
GET retrieves, POST creates, 404 is not found, and webhooks notify events.
سؤال 21
What is Ansible?
Ansible automates configuration and provisioning. Switches, databases, and firewalls are not automation tools.
سؤال 22
What is an Ansible playbook?
Playbooks define tasks in YAML. Routing tables, DNS zones, and VMs are different.
سؤال 23
What is Terraform?
Terraform manages infrastructure declaratively. Protocols, formats, and switches are different.
سؤال 24
What is an Ansible module?
Modules are reusable automation units. Cables, volumes, and DNS records are not modules.
سؤال 25
What is idempotency in automation?
Idempotent operations can be repeated without harmful changes. Encryption, scaling, and routing are different.
سؤال 26
What is the Cisco DNA Center API?
DNA Center exposes APIs for network management and automation. Protocols, storage, and DNS are different.
سؤال 27
What is the Meraki API?
Meraki APIs manage cloud networks. Switch models, formats, and firewall rules are different.
سؤال 28
What is a controller in networking?
Controllers centralize network management. Cables, subnets, and DNS records are different.
سؤال 29
What is intent-based networking?
Intent-based networking translates business intent into network policy. Manual config, static routes only, and no automation are not intent-based.
سؤال 30
Match each automation platform to its purpose.
Ansible automates config, Terraform manages infrastructure, DNA Center manages campus networks, and Meraki manages cloud networks.
سؤال 31
What is an IP address?
IP addresses identify devices at Layer 3. MAC addresses are hardware, and passwords or cables are different.
سؤال 32
What is a MAC address?
MAC addresses are burned into interfaces. IP addresses are logical, and DNS records or firewalls are different.
سؤال 33
What is a switch used for?
Switches connect LAN devices and forward frames. Routers connect networks, DNS resolves names, and encryption protects data.
سؤال 34
What is a router used for?
Routers forward packets between networks. Switches connect LANs, and storage or printing are unrelated.
سؤال 35
What is a VLAN?
VLANs segment traffic logically. Cables, DNS zones, and firewalls are different.
سؤال 36
What is a subnet?
Subnets divide IP ranges. Ports, DNS records, and backups are different.
سؤال 37
What is DNS used for?
DNS translates names to addresses. DHCP assigns addresses, firewalls filter, and encryption protects.
سؤال 38
What is DHCP used for?
DHCP assigns IP configuration to clients. DNS resolves names, routers forward, and firewalls filter.
سؤال 39
What is a firewall used for?
Firewalls permit or block traffic. DNS resolves, DHCP assigns, and storage stores.
سؤال 40
Match each network concept to its purpose.
Switches connect LANs, routers forward between networks, DNS resolves names, and DHCP assigns addresses.
سؤال 41
What is a unit test?
Unit tests verify individual components. Full-system tests are integration or end-to-end, and scans or backups are different.
سؤال 42
What is an integration test?
Integration tests verify interactions between components. Unit tests check one function, and rules or queries are unrelated.
سؤال 43
What is a linter?
Linters catch style and syntax issues. Scanners test networks, compilers build code, and routers forward packets.
سؤال 44
What is a code review?
Code reviews inspect changes for quality and bugs. Backups, tests, and deployments are different.
سؤال 45
What is a vulnerability?
Vulnerabilities are exploitable weaknesses. Firewalls protect, patches fix, and DNS records resolve names.
سؤال 46
What is encryption?
Encryption protects confidentiality. Firewalls filter, DHCP assigns, and DNS resolves.
سؤال 47
What is authentication?
Authentication verifies identity. Authorization grants permissions, encryption protects, and firewalls filter.
سؤال 48
What is authorization?
Authorization grants access after authentication. Verification is authentication, and encryption or filtering are different.
سؤال 49
What is a threat model?
Threat models identify risks and mitigations. Rules, zones, and backups are different.
سؤال 50
Match each security concept to its purpose.
Unit tests verify functions, linters check style, authentication verifies identity, and encryption protects data.
سؤال 51
What is continuous integration?
CI automates build and test on changes. Annual deployment, manual testing, or disabling builds are not CI.
سؤال 52
What is continuous delivery?
CD keeps artifacts ready for release. Deleting releases, manual deploys, and no pipelines are not CD.
سؤال 53
What is a deployment pipeline?
Pipelines automate release stages. Routes, firewall rules, and DNS zones are different.
سؤال 54
What is a container?
Containers package apps and dependencies. Switches, databases, and DNS records are different.
سؤال 55
What is Docker?
Docker builds and runs containers. Protocols, firewalls, and formats are different.
سؤال 56
What is Kubernetes?
Kubernetes orchestrates containers. Databases, switch models, and DNS records are different.
سؤال 57
What is a Dockerfile?
Dockerfiles define image builds. Network configs, DNS zones, and backups are different.
سؤال 58
What is an artifact in CI/CD?
Artifacts are build outputs. Firewall rules, DNS records, and routers are different.
سؤال 59
What is a canary deployment?
Canary releases test with limited traffic. Deleting old versions, deploying all at once, or disabling monitoring are not canary.
سؤال 60
Match each deployment concept to its purpose.
CI/CD automates releases, Docker runs containers, Kubernetes orchestrates, and canary rolls out gradually.